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Hamilelik döneminin göreceli uzun sürmesi, bu tutumda etkili faktörler arasında sayılıyor. Bir başka faktör olarak hamileliğin ardından dişinin yavrusunu emzirme dönemine girmesi gösteriliyor. Bu evrede erkek çiftleşebileceği başka dişi partner arayışına giriyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">PRİMATLARIN DÖRTTE BİRİ TEK EŞLİ</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Buna rağmen insanın da dâhil olduğu primatların dörtte birinde ‘sosyal monogami' adı verilen tek eşliliğin geliştiği belirlendi. ‘Sosyal monogami'de başka cinsel temaslar olmasına karşın tek eşlilik ilkesi geçerliliğini koruyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Christopher Opie başkanlığındaki araştırma ekibi, primatlardaki sözkonusu gelişmenin nedenini bulmak için farklı primat türlerine ait çeşitli verileri biraraya getirerek kıyasladı. Partnerlerin sürdürdüğü birlikteliğin türü, yavrularla kimin ilgilendiği ve her nesilde kaç yavrunun saldırılar sonucu hayatını kaybettiği, derlenen veriler arasındaydı. Kıyaslama, türlerin evrim sürecindeki gelişimini de aydınlattı.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">‘YAVRUYU KORUMA GÜDÜSÜ EN BÜYÜK ETKEN'</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Araştırmacılar, yavruyu koruma güdüsünün tek eşliliğin gelişiminde en büyük rolü oynadığını tesbit etti. Erkek, bir an önce dişiyle çiftleşebilmek için başka bir erkekten olan yavruyu öldürüyor. Tek eşliliğin geçerli olduğu sosyal yapılarda yavruyu korumak için hem dişi hem de erkek seferber oluyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Tek eşlilik, dişinin yavruya daha fazla kaynak ayırabilmesini sağlıyor. Her iki tarafın kaynağıyla daha hızlı gelişen yavru, dişiden bağımsızlaşıyor ve böylece erkeğe de daha kısa sürede yeniden çiftleşebilme yolu açılıyor. Uzmanlara göre dolaylı yollardan erkekler de tek eşlilikten istifade ediyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">BEYNİN GELİŞİMİ ETKİLİYOR</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Birçok primat türünde beynin gelişimi, bu süreçte önemli bir başka faktör olarak görülüyor. Primat beyninin gelişimi uzun zaman alıyor. Erkeğin desteği, erişkinliğe giden bu uzun yol ve karmaşık beynin gelişiminde gereken hayati katkıyı sağlıyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">ABD Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi'ne bağlı “Proceedings” adlı bilim dergisinde yayımlanan araştırmayı yürüten ekipten Christopher Opie, “Tek eşliliğin gelişimine dair farklı tezlerin ilk kez bu araştırmayla sistematik şekilde sınandığını” söyledi. 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