<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>TR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--" /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal">Şule Ölez / BirGün</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Cinsiyet eşitliği, nispeten yeni bir kavram gibi görünebilir ancak bilim insanlarına göre kadın ve erkek, tarih öncesi topluluklar olan avcı ve toplayıcı topluluklarda (bugünün aksine) eşit konuma sahiplerdi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Tarıma dayalı toplulukların kurulmaya başladığı 10.000 yıl öncesi, mülkiyet ve veraset kavramlarının gelişmesine neden oldu. Böylece sosyal statü temelli hiyerarşik yapı oluştu. Bu yapı, cinsiyetler arasındaki ilişkiyi de etkiledi. Malvarlığını ve dolayısıyla gücü elinde tutan cinsiyet (çoğunlukla erkek) aile hayatı ve karşı cinsiyet (çoğunlukla kadın) üzerinde söz sahibi oldu. Ancak tarıma dayalı toplumlardan önceki evrimsel geçmişimizin çoğunu oluşturan sürede hepimiz avcı-toplayıcıydık.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">'TERSİNE DÜNYA'</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">İşte günümüz avcı-toplayıcı topluluklarından Kongo ve Filipinlerde yaşayanlar üzerinde yapılan bir araştırma, bu toplulukların birçok sosyal alanda eşitlikçi bir tutum sergilediğini ortaya koydu. Lider ve toprak mülkiyeti olmayan bu toplumlarda çiftler yiyecek bulmak, buldukları yiyeceği işbirliğine daha yatkın insanlarla paylaşmak için kamp değiştirebiliyorlar. Dolayısıyla kamp popülasyonu, çoğunluğu birbiriyle akraba olmayan bireylerden oluşuyor. Karı-koca arasında herhangi bir üstünlük gözlenmeyen bu tek eşli toplumlarda kadınlar avlanma ve bal toplamada yer aldıkları gibi erkekler de çocuk bakımında aktif olarak görev alıyorlar. Bu avcı-toplayıcı toplulukların gösterdiği gibi, ilk atalarımızla ortak özelliklerimizden olan cinsiyetler arasında eşitlik ve işbirliği olmadan yardımlaşma ve adalet gibi bizi “insan” yapan özelliklerimiz evrimleşemezdi.</p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" 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