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Bir Asır Sonra: Faşizmin Geri Dönüşüne Karşı Yenilenmiş Açık Mektup

14.06.2025 - 09:40

1 Mayıs 1925'te, Mussolini iktidardayken, bir grup İtalyan entelektüel Mussolini'nin faşist rejimini açık bir mektupla kınadı. İmzacılar -- bilim insanları, filozoflar, yazarlar ve sanatçılar -- özgür bir toplumun temel ilkeleri olan hukukun üstünlüğü, kişisel özgürlük ve bağımsız düşünce ilkelerinden, kültür, sanat ve bilimden yana tavır aldılar. Faşist ideolojinin acımasız dayatmalarına, oldukça büyük kişisel riskler alarak, açıkça karşı çıkmaları, muhalefetin yalnızca mümkün değil, aynı zamanda gerekli olduğunu da kanıtladı. Bugün, yüz yıl sonra, faşizm tehdidi geri dönmüştür. Dolayısıyla, bugün de aynı cesareti göstermeli ve faşizme yine meydan okumalıyız.

Faşizm bir asır önce İtalya'da ortaya çıktı ve modern diktatörlüğün başlangıcının işaretini verdi. Birkaç yıl içinde, farklı isimler altında ama temel biçimleri koruyarak Avrupa'ya ve dünyaya yayıldı. İktidarı ele geçirdiği her yerde, otokrasinin hizmetinde güçler ayrılığının altını oydu, muhalefeti şiddet yoluyla susturdu, basının kontrolünü ele geçirdi, kadın haklarının ilerlemesini durdurdu ve işçilerin ekonomik adalet mücadelelerini bastırdı. Doğası gereği, bilimsel, akademik ve kültürel faaliyetlere adanmış tüm kurumlara nüfuz ederek amaçlarını çarpıttı. Yarattığı ölüm kültü, emperyalist saldırganlığı ve soykırımcı ırkçılığı yücelterek İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nı ve Holokost’u tetikledi, on milyonlarca insanın ölümüne ve insanlığa karşı suçlara yol açtı.

Trump, Epstein dosyalarıyla ilgili Büyük Jüri ifadelerinin yayınlanmasını istedi

İçeriği Görüntüle

Öte yandan, faşizme ve faşist ideolojiye karşı direniş, toplumları ve uluslararası ilişkileri örgütlemenin alternatif yollarını hayal etmek için verimli bir zemin oluşturdu. İkinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan çıkan dünya, Birleşmiş Milletler Antlaşması, İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi, Avrupa Birliği'nin kuramsal temelleri ve sömürgeciliğe karşı geliştirilen hukuki argümanlarla rağmen, derin eşitsizlikleri içermeye devam etti. Ama aynı zamanda, uluslararası bir hukuk düzeni kurmak için kararlı bir girişim de sergileyerek, sadece medeni ve siyasi değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel hakları da içeren evrensel insan haklarının korunmasına dayanan küresel demokrasi ve barışa yönelik bir beklentiyi yeşertti.

Faşizm hiçbir zaman ortadan kalkmadı, sadece bir süre kenarda kaldı. Ancak son yirmi yılda, faşist özellikleri açıkça sergileyen yeni bir aşırı sağ hareket dalgasına tanık olduk: demokratik norm ve kurumlara saldırılar, ırkçı söylemlerle süslenmiş aşırı milliyetçilik, otoriter yönetimler ve otoriter geleneklerin kurguladığı din, cinsellik ve toplumsal cinsiyet normlarına uymayanların haklarına yönelik sistematik saldırılar. Yerleşik demokratik sistemler de dahil olmak üzere, tüm dünyada ortaya çıkan bu yeni faşist hareketler, gittikçe artan eşitsizliklere ve sosyal dışlanmaya çözüm getiremeyen iktidarlara karşı duyulan yaygın memnuniyetsizliğin bir takım otoriter figürler tarafından istismar edilmesi sonucundadır. Bu kişiler, bilinen eski faşist senaryoya sadık bir şekilde, seçim başarılarını halktan alınmış sınırsız bir yetki olarak yorumlayarak, ulusal ve uluslararası hukukun üstünlüğünün altını oymakta, yargının, basının, kültür kurumlarının, yüksek öğretimin ve bilimsel kurumların bağımsızlığını hedef almakta, hatta temel bilimsel verileri ve bilgileri yok etmeye çalışmaktadır. “Alternatif gerçekler” uydurmakta ve “iç düşmanlar” icat etmekteler. Kendi otoritelerini ve ultra zengin %1'in otoritesini sağlamlaştırmak için güvenlik kaygılarını silah olarak kullanmakta ve taraftarlarına sadakat karşılığında ayrıcalıklar tanımaktalar.

Muhalefet gruplarının keyfi gözaltılar, şiddet tehditleri, sınır dışı etmeler ve amansız bir dezenformasyon ve propaganda kampanyası yoluyla giderek daha fazla bastırıldığı bir süreç yaşamaktayız. Bu süreç; bazılarının kayıtsız davrandığı, bazıların ise tekno-faşist heveslileri olduklarını saklamadığı geleneksel ve sosyal medya baronlarının desteğiyle işletilmektedir.

Demokrasiler elbette kusursuz değildir. Henüz yeterince kapsayıcı olmadıkları gibi, yanlış bilgilendirmeye karşı da savunmasızdırlar. Bununla birlikte, demokrasiler doğaları gereği entelektüel ve kültürel ilerleme için verimli bir zemin sağlar ve bu nedenle de her zaman gelişme potansiyeline sahiptir. Demokratik toplumlarda insan hakları ve özgürlükler genişleyebilir, sanat gelişebilir, bilimsel keşifler ilerleyebilir ve bilgi artabilir. Demokratik kurumlar fikirlere meydan okuma ve güç yapılarını sorgulama, kültürel açıdan rahatsız edici olsa bile yeni teoriler önerme özgürlüğü tanır ki bu da insanlığın ilerlemesi için elzemdir. Demokratik kurumlar, sosyal adaletsizliklerin ele alınması için en iyi çerçeveyi ve savaş sonrası vaat edilen çalışma, eğitim, sağlık, sosyal güvenlik, kültürel ve bilimsel hayata katılım ve halkların kolektif kalkınma, kendi kaderini tayin etme ve barış haklarının yerine getirilmesi için en güçlü umudu sunar. Bunlar olmazsa insanlık durağanlık, artan eşitsizlik, adaletsizlik ve felaketle karşı karşıya kalacaktır, özellikle de yeni faşist dalganın reddettiği iklim krizinin oluşturduğu varoluşsal tehdit felaketi ile.

Hiper-bağlantılı dünyamızda demokrasi tek başına var olamaz. Ulusal demokrasiler güçlü kurumlara ihtiyaç duyarken, uluslararası iş birliği de uluslar arasındaki ilişkileri düzenlemek için demokratik ilkelerin ve çok taraflılığın etkin bir şekilde uygulanmasına ve sağlıklı bir toplum için çoğulcu ve katılımcı süreçlere gerek duymaktadır. Hukukun üstünlüğü sınırları aşmalı ve uluslararası anlaşmalara, insan hakları sözleşmelerine ve barış paktlarına saygıyı gerçekleştirmelidir. Mevcut küresel yönetişim ve uluslararası kurumların iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmalıyken, bunların kaba güç, alışveriş ve çıkar mantığı ve askeri kuvvet ile yönetilen bir dünya lehine erozyona uğraması, sömürgecilik, acı ve yıkım dönemine kaymak demektir.

1925'te olduğu gibi, biz bilim insanları, filozoflar, yazarlar, sanatçılar ve dünya vatandaşları, faşizmin her türlü biçimiyle yeniden dirilişini kınamak ve buna direnmekle sorumluyuz. Demokrasiye değer veren herkesi harekete geçmeye çağırıyoruz:

Demokratik, kültürel ve eğitim kurumlarını savunun. Demokratik ilkelerin ve insan haklarının ihlal edilmesine karşı çıkın. Sessizliği öneren önleyici itaati reddedin.
Yerel ve uluslararası kolektif eylemlere katılın. Mümkün olduğunda boykot ve grev yapın. Direnişi görmezden gelinemez ve bastırılması maliyetli hale getirin.
Gerçekleri ve kanıtları savunun. Eleştirel düşünceyi teşvik edin, çevre ve gruplarınızla bu temelde ilişki kurun.

Bu mücadele sürekli bir mücadeledir. Sesimiz, hareketlerimiz ve ilkelerimiz otoriterliğe karşı bir siper olsun. Bu mesaj, yenilenmiş bir meydan okuma bildirisi olsun.

	Country	Name	Position	Affiliation (for identification purposes only)
1	GBR	Abby Innes	Associate Professor, Political Economy	London School of Economics
2	USA	Abraham Flaxman	Associate Professor, Health Metrics Sciences	University of Washington
3	ZAF	Achille Mbembe	Research Professor, History and Politics	Innovation Foundation for Democracy
4	IND	Achin Vanaik	Former Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences, International Relations and Global Politics	University of Delhi
5	GBR	Adam Habib	Professor and Vice-Chancellor, Political Science	School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
6	POL	Adam Leszczyński	Professor, Sociology / History	University of Social Sciences and Humanities (SWPS)
7	USA	Adam Shatz	Visiting professor, Writer	Bard College
8	FRA	Ahmed Abbes	Directeur de recherche, Mathematician	CNRS & IHES
9	USA	Akeel Bilgrami	Sidney Morgenbesser Chair in Philosophy	Columbia University
10	FRA	Alberto Alemanno	Jean Monnet Professor of EU Law	École des hautes études commerciales (HEC), Paris
11	ITA	Alessandro Nova	Professor Emeritus, Art History	Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz
12	ITA	Alessandro Raveggi	Subject expert, writer	Università Ca' Foscari Venezia
13	ITA	Alessandro Roncaglia	Professore Emerito, Economia politica	Sapienza Università di Roma
14	USA	Alexander Alberro	Professor, Art History	Barnard/Columbia
15	AUT	Alexander Etkind	Professor, History	Central European University, Vienna
16	ITA	Alina Mungiu-Pippidi	Professor, Political Science	LUISS Guido Carli
17	USA	Alison Holman	Professor, Associate Dean, Health Psychology, Nursing Science	University of California, Irvine
18	USA	Alvin E. Roth	Craig and Susan McCaw Professor, Economics	Stanford University
19	IND	Amit Bhaduri	Retired professor of economics	JNU, lndia and Pavia University, Italy
20	USA	Amy Hagopian	Professor Emeritus - Public Health	University of Washington
21	MEX	Ana María Cetto	Professor, Physics	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
22	IND	Ananya Vajpeyi	Professor, Intellectual History	Centre for the Study of Developing Societies
23	ITA	Andrea Giardina	Professore ordinario in pensione, Storia	Accademia nazionale dei Lincei
24	USA	Andrea J. Liu	Hepburn Professor, Physics	University of Pennsylvania
25	ITA	Andrea Mammone	Professore Associato, Storia Contemporanea	Sapienza Università di Roma
26	GBR	Andrea Pisauro	Lecturer, Psychology	University of Plymouth
27	MEX	Andrés Arauz	Senior Research Fellow, Economics	Center for Economic and Policy Research
28	POL	Andrzej Jajszczyk	Professor, Telecommunications	AGH University of Science and Technology
29	USA	Angana P. Chatterji	Scholar, Anthropology and South Asia Studies	University of California, Berkeley
30	FRA	Angelini Andrea	Maître conférence, Philosophie	Université Paris 8
31	USA	Annelise Orleck	Professor, History	Dartmouth College
32	GBR	Anthony Barnett	Writer	Open Democracy
33	USA	Anthony James Leggett	Professor Emeritus, Physics	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
34	GBR	Antonio Andreoni	Professor, Economics	School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
35	PRT	Antonio Costa Pinto	Research Professor, Political Science	University of Lisbon
36	IND	Anu Chenoy	Retired Professor, International Relations	Independent
37	USA	Arend Lijphart	Research Professor Emeritus, Political Sciences	University of California, San Diego
38	ZAF	Ari Sitas	Emeritus Professor, Sociologist and poet	Universities of Cape Town and Stellenbosch
39	USA	Assaf Kfoury	Professor of Computer Science, Mathematics and Mathematical Logic	Boston University
40	CAN	Audrey Macklin	Professor of Law and Chair in Human Rights	University of Toronto
41	USA	Avital Ronell	Professor, Humanities	New York University/The European Graduate School, Switzerland
42	DEU	Axel Dreher	Professor, Economics	Heidelberg University
43	DEU	Axel Enninger	Dr. med., Pediatrician/Medical Director	Klinikum Stuttgart - Olgahospital
44	DEU/USA	Axel Honneth	Professor, Philosophy	Goethe University Frankfurt / Columbia, Germany
45	USA	Aziz Rana	J. Donald Monan, S.J., University Professor of Law and Government	Boston College
46	GBR	Barbara Bravi	Assistant Professor, Biomathematics	Imperial College London
47	FRA	Barbara Cassin	Academie francaise, Philosophe	Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
48	DEU	Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger	Rector, Historian	Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin / Institute for Advanced Study
49	USA	Barry Bluestone	Professor Emeritus, Economics	Northeastern University
50	USA	Barry Bozeman	Regents Professor Emeritus, Technology Policy and Public Management	Arizona State University
51	AUS	Barry James Marshall	Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Microbiology	University of Western Australia
52	TUR	Baskın Oran	Prof. Dr. International Relations	School of Political Science , Ankara University (retired)
53	MEX	Benjamin Arditi	Professor, Politics	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
54	FRA	Bernard Derrida	Professeur, Physique	Collège de France
55	USA	Bernard Sadoulet	Professor of Physics, Astrophysics	University Of California, Berkeley
56	SWE	Bo Rothstein	Professor, Political Science	University of Gothenburg and Institute for Futures Study Stockholm
57	USA	Brian J Griffith	Assistant Professor, Modern Europe	California State University, Fresno
58	AUS	Brian P. Schmidt	Distinguished Professor, Astrophysics	Australian National University
59	ITA	Carlo Doglioni	Professore, Geoscienze	Sapienza Università di Roma
60	BRA	Carlos Afonso Nobre	Professor da Cátedra, Clima e Sustentabilidade	Instituto de Estudos Avançados - Universidade de São Paulo
61	SAU	Carlos Manuel Duarte	Distinguished Professor, Marine Science	King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
62	ITA	Carmen Silvestri	Postdoctoral Research Associate, Social sciences	University of Reading
63	USA	Carol Gilligan	Professor of Applied Psychology and the Humanities	New York University / Harvard University
64	USA	Carol J. Oja	William Powell Mason Professor, Music History	Harvard University
65	USA	Carole Pateman	Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Political Theory	University of California, Los Angeles
66	USA	Cas Mudde	Distinguished Research Professor, Political Science	University of Georgia
67	ITA	Caterina Di Fazio	Visting Fellow, Political Philosophy	Florence School of Transnational Governance, European University Institute
68	USA	Catherine D'Ignazio	Associate Professor of Urban Science & Planning	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
69	FRA	Catherine Fieschi	Fellow, Sciences politiques	European University Institute
70	USA	Chanda Prescod-Weinstein	Associate Professor, Physics and Astronomy	University of New Hampshire
71	USA	Charles Derber	Professor, Sociology	Boston College
72	USA	Charles Rice	Maurice R. and Corinne P. Greenberg Professor in Virology	Rockefeller University
73	ITA/DEU	Chiara Saraceno	Professoressa emerita, Sociology	Università di Torino, Collegio Carlo Alberto / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, WZB
74	USA	Christia Mercer	Professor, Philosophy	Columbia University
75	CHE	CLADS, Collective for Academic Freedom, Democracy and Solidarity	Collective signature	University of Lausanne and EPFL
76	FRA	Claire Voisin	Directrice de recherche, Mathématiques	Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu-Paris rive gauche, CNRS
77	CHL	Claudia Heiss	Associate Professor, Political Science, Constitutional Law	Faculty of Government, University of Chile
78	USA	Claudia Koonz	Peabody Professor Emeritus, History	Duke University
79	USA	Claudio Fogu	Professor, Italian Studies and history	University of California, Santa Barbara
80	ITA	Claudio Pacati	Professore Ordinario, Metodi matematici dell'economia e delle scienze attuariali e finanziarie	Università degli studi di Siena
81	DEU	Constanze Breuer	Dr., Scientific Officer, Science-based Policy Advice	German National Academy of Sciences
82	USA	Craig C. Mello	Distinguished Professor, Blais University Chair in Molecular Medicine	University of Massachusetts Medical School
83	ESP	Cristina Monge	Analista y Profesora, Ciencia Política y Sociología	Universidad Complutense de Madrid
84	CHL	Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser	Professor, Political Science	Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
85	GBR	Daan Frenkel	Emeritus Professor, Computational Physics/Chemistry	University of Cambridge
86	USA	Dan McAdams	The Henry Wade Rogers Professor of Psychology	Northwestern University
87	DNK	Dan Zahavi	Professor, Philosophy	University of Copenhagen
88	USA	Dani Rodrik	Professor, Economics	Harvard University
89	ISR	Daniel Bar-Tal	Professor Emeritus, Social-political psychology	Tel Aviv University
90	NLD	Daniel Chavez	Senior Researcher, Political Economy	Transnational Institute (TNI)
91	USA	Daniel Gilbert	Edgar Pierce Professor, Psychology	Harvard University
92	ESP/ITA	Daniel Innerarity	Professor, Political Philosophy	Ikerbasque Foundation of Science / European University Institute of Florence
93	USA	Daniel Kinderman	Professor, Political Science	University of Delaware
94	USA	Daniel Naujoks	Lecturer of International and Public Affairs, Director of International Organization and UN Studies Specialization	Columbia University—School of International and Public Affairs
95	BRA	Daniela Campello	Associate professor, Political Science	Getulio Vargas Foundation
96	GBR	Danny Dorling	Professor, Geography	University of Oxford
97	ITA	Dario Consonni	Professore a contratto a titolo gratuito, Epidemiologia	Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
98	USA	Daron Acemoglu	Institute Professor, Economics	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
99	USA	David B Lobell	Professor, Earth System Science	Stanford University
100	USA	David Barstow	Chair of the Investigative Reporting Program at Berkeley Journalism	University of California, Berkeley
101	USA	David Bateman	Associate Professor, Political Science and Public Policy	Cornell University
102	USA	David Blight	Sterling Professor of History, US History, Historian	Yale University
103	USA	David Levering Lewis	Julius Silver University Professor, Emeritus, Comparative History	New York University
104	NLD	David Sogge	Fellow - Development Studies	Transnational Institute (TNI)
105	CAN	Deborah Cowen	Professor, Geography	University of Toronto
106	GBR	Denis Noble	Emeritus professor, Cardiovascular Physiology	University of Oxford
107	USA	Dennis Discher	Robert D Bent Professor, Biophysics and Engineering	University of Pennsylvania
108	AUS	Dennis P Altman	Emeritus professor, Politics	LaTrobe University
109	BEL	Didier Viviers	Secrétaire perpétuel - Professeur d’Université (Histoire)	Àcadémie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique
110	USA	Dmitri Tymoczko	Professor, Music	Princeton University and the Santa Fe Institute
111	FRA	Dominique Schnapper	Professor Emeritus, Directrice d'études, Sociologie	École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)
112	USA	Donald Preziosi	Emeritus Professor, Art & Architectural History and Theory	University of California, Los Angeles
113	USA	Donald Wuebbles	Emeritus Professor, Atmospheric Science	University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
114	ITA	Donatella Della Porta	Full professor, director of the Center on social movement studies (Cosmos)	Scuola Normale Superiore
115	ITA	Donatella Di Cesare	Professore Ordinario, Filosofia	Sapienza Università di Roma
116	DEU	Dorothea Kaufmann	Scientist / Lecturer, Biology	PH Heidelberg
117	USA	Dorothy E. Roberts	George A. Weiss University Professor, Law & Sociology	University of Pennsylvania
118	USA	Douglas Massey	Emeritus Professor, Sociology and Public Affairs	Princeton University
119	SVK	Eduard Nižňanský	Professor, History	Comenius Univerzity, Department of General History
120	NOR	Edvard I. Moser	Professor, Neuroscience	Norwegian University of Science and Technology
121	USA	Edward Wile Maibach	Distinguished University Professor (Emeritus), Public and Planetary Health	George Mason University
122	USA	Elisabeth Camp	Professor, Philosophy	Rutgers University New Brunswick
123	USA	Elisabeth Jean Wood	Crosby Professor of the Human Environment, Professor of Political Science, International and Area Studies	Yale University
124	FRA	Elisabeth Lagadec	Docteur ès Lettres, Humanities	Retires professor
125	FRA	Elisabeth Roudinesco	Professeur, Histoire de la psychiatrie et de la psychanalyse	Président de la Société internationale d'histoire de la psychanalyse (SIHPP)
126	USA	Elliott H. Lieb	Professor, Physics and mathematics	Princeton University
127	QAT	Emad Shahin	Professor, Political Science/Islamic Studies	Hamad Bin Khalifa University
128	ITA	Emanuele Felice	Professor, Economic History	Iulm University
129	MEX	Enrique Leff	Emeritus Professor, Environmental Philosophy/Sociology	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
130	USA	Enzo Traverso	Professor, Humanities	Cornell University
131	USA	Eric Maskin	Adams University Professor and Professor of Economics and Mathematics	Harvard University
132	CHE	Ernst Fehr	Professor, Economics	University of Zurich
133	ESP	Esa Díaz-León	Associate Professor, Philosophy	Universitat de Barcelona
134	DEU	Eva C. Winkler	Professor, Medical Ethics / German Ethics Council / Oncology	Institute for Medical & Data Ethics, Heidelberg University
135	ITA	Fabio Recchia	Professore Ordinario, Fisiologia	Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
136	FRA	Federico Varese	Professor, Sociology	Sciences Po
137	ESP	Fernando Vallespín	Catedrático de Ciencia Política, Teoría Política	Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
138	ITA	Filippo Belloc	Professore Ordinario, Politica Economica, Economia Industriale e dell'Innovazione	Università degli Studi di Siena
139	NLD	Fiona Dove	Executive Director	Transnational Institute, Amsterdam
140	GBR	Frances Stewart	Professor emeritus, Development economics	University of Oxford
141	ITA	Francesco Forastiere	Epidemiologist	National Research Council, IFT, Italy
142	BEL	François Englert	Professor Emeritus, Physique Théorique	Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
143	USA	Frank Niels von Hippel	Professor of Public and International Affairs emeritus - Nuclear arms control and nonproliferation	Princeton University
144	USA	Frank Sciulli	Pupin Professor Emeritus, Physics	Columbia University
145	DEU	Frank Winkler	Professor of Neurology	Universität Heidelberg
146	GBR	Fred Basso	Associate Professor in Economic Psychology, Psychological and Behavioural Science	London School of Economics
147	USA	Fred Block	Research Professor, Sociology	University of California, Davis
148	ITA	Gabriel Burdin	Professore Associato, Politica Economica	Università degli studi di Siena
149	GBR/ESP	Gabriel Palma	Emeritus Senior Lecturer and Professor of Economics	University of Cambridge and University of Santiago
150	ARG	Gabriel Vommaro	Professor, Political Sociology	EIDAES, Universidad Nacional de San Martín
151	ITA	Gabriele Pedullà	Narratore e Professore Ordinario, Letteratura italiana	Università di Roma Tre
152	USA	Garry Wills	Professor Emeritus, History	Northwestern University
153	USA	Gary Ruvkun	Professor, Genetics	Massachusetts General Hospital
154	USA	Gayle Salamon	Professor, Department of English	Princeton University
155	USA	George Yancy	Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor, Philosophy	Emory University
156	USA	Gerald Epstein	Professor, Economics	University of Massachusetts Amherst
157	DEU	Gerd Gigerenzer	Director emeritus, Social Sciences	Max Planck Institute for Human Development
158	ITA	Giacomo Calzolari	Professor, Economics	European University Institute
159	ITA	Gianfranco Pasquino	Professore emerito, Scienza Politica	Università di Bologna
160	ITA	Gianni Betti	Professore Ordinario, Statistica	Università degli studi di Siena
161	ITA	Gianni Jona-Lasinio	Professore Emerito, Fisica	Sapienza Università di Roma
162	ITA	Giorgio Assennato	Fellow, Occupational epidemiology	Collegium Ramazzini
163	ITA	Giorgio Parisi	Professore Ordinario, Fisica Teorica	Sapienza Università di Roma
164	ITA	Giovanni De Luna	Professore Ordinario, Storia	Università di Torino
165	ITA	Giovanni Gozzini	Professore Ordinario, Storia Contemporanea	Università degli studi di Siena
166	USA	Giulia Zanni	Assistant Professor, Neuroscience	Columbia University
167	GBR	Giuseppe De Feo	Professor, Economics and Head of Economics	University of Liverpool
168	ITA	Giuseppe Sciortino	Professore, Sociologia	Università degli studi di Trento
169	ESP	Gøsta Esping-Andersen	Professor, Demography	Pompeu Fabra University
170	DEU	Gregor von Komorowski	Dr.med., Medicine	Kinderarztpraxis am Waldpark 68163 Mannheim
171	DEU	Gudrun A. Rappold	Prof. Dr. rer.nat., Molecular Human Genetics	Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University
172	ITA	Guido Tabellini	Professore Ordinario, Economia	Università Bocconi
173	GBR	Ha Joon Chang	Professor, Economics	School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
174	USA	Hagen Koo	Professor emeritus, Sociology	University of Hawaii at Manoa
175	USA	Harvey James Alter	Distinguished NIH Scholar, Emeritus, Clinical Research	National Institutes of Health, Retired
176	USA	Haynes Miller	Professor Emeritus, Mathematics	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
177	USA	Heather Ann Thompson	Frank W. Thompson Professor of History and African American Studies	University of Michigan
178	USA	Heidi Allen	Associate Professor, Social work	Columbia University
179	DEU	Henning Schauenburg	Prof. Dr. med, Psychosomatics, Psychotherapy Research	Universität Heidelberg
180	CAN	Henry Giroux	Chaired Professor for Scholarship in the Public Interest, Critical pedagogy, higher education, cultural studies, media studies	McMaster University
181	USA	Herrick Chapman	Professor Emeritus, History and French Studies	New York University
182	CHE	Hubert Caron	Professor Emeritus, MD, PhD	Pediatric Oncology
183	USA	Ira Katznelson	Ruggles Professor, Political Science and History	Columbia University
184	USA	Jack W. Szostak	University Professor, Chemistry	University of Chicago
185	USA	Jacqueline Bhabha	Professor of the Practice, International Law	Harvard University
186	USA	James K. Boyce	Professor Emeritus, Economics	University of Massachusetts Amherst
187	POL	Jan Sowa	Associate Professor, Sociology and Cultural Studies	Academy of Fine Arts, Warsaw
188	USA	Jane Mansbridge	Charles F. Adams Professor Emerita, Political Science	Harvard University
189	USA	Jason Stanley	Professor, Philosophy	Yale University
190	USA	Jayati Ghosh	Professor, Economics	University of Massachusetts Amherst
191	FRA	Jean Jouzel	Glaciologist, Climatologist	Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement (LSCE), CNRS, CEA
192	FRA	Jean-Pierre Sauvage	Professeur émérite, Chimie de Coordination	Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg
193	USA	Jennifer C Lena, PhD	Associate Professor, Arts Administration and Sociology	Columbia university
194	USA	Jennifer Hochschild	H.K. Jayne Professor of Government	Harvard University
195	USA	Joachim Frank	Professor, Biophysics	Columbia University
196	USA	Joel Lebowitz	Professor, Mathematical Physics	Rutgers University
197	DEU	Johannes Grimm	Medical Doctor, Pediatric Oncology	University of Ulm
198	USA	John C. Mather	Senior Astrophysicist	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
199	USA	John E. Fernandez	Professor and Director, Urban Metabolism/Architecture	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
200	CAN	John Harriss	Professor Emeritus, Political Sociology	Simon Fraser University
201	USA	John Holdren	Emeritus Professor in the Kennedy School of Government, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, and School of Engineering and Applied Science	Harvard University
202	AUS	John Keane	Professor, Politics - Past, present, and future of democracy	University of Sydney
203	USA	John Plotz	Barbara Mandel Professor, Humanities	Brandeis
204	AUS	John S. Dryzek	Professor, Political Science	Centre for Deliberative Democracy and Global Governance at the University of Canberra
205	GBR	Jolyon Howorth	Emeritus Professor of European Politics, International Relations	University of Bath
206	DEU	Joost Holthuis	Professor, Molecular Cell Biology	Osnabrueck University
207	USA	José Casanova	Emeritus Professor, Sociology, Theology and Religious Studies	Georgetown University
208	USA	Joseph LeDoux	Professor, Neuroscience, Psychology	New York University
209	ITA	Josephine van Zeben	Professor, Transnational Law	European University Institute
210	HUN	Judit Sandor	Full Professor, Human Rights	Central European University
211	USA	Judith Levine	Journalist, Writer	Independent
212	CHE	Julia Steinberger	Professor of Societal Challenges of Climate Change	Université de Lausanne
213	ESP	Julián Casanova	Professor, History	Universidad de Zaragoza
214	USA	Juliet Schor	Professor, Economics and Sociology	Boston College
215	USA	Justin Khoo	Associate Professor, Philosophy	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
216	DEU	Jürgen Kocka	Professor Emeritus, History	Freie Universität Berlin
217	USA	Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck	Distinguished Visiting Professor, Mathematics	University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Advanced Study
218	USA	Katherine Marino	Associate Professor, History	University of California, Los Angeles
219	USA	Kathleen Thelen	Ford Professor, Political Science	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
220	USA	Kathryn Kish Sklar	Distinguished Professor, History	State University of New York, Binghamton
221	USA	Kerice Doten-Snitker	Postdoctoral Fellow, Sociology	Santa Fe Institute
222	NZL/USA	Kevin E Trenberth	Distinguished Scholar, NCAR / Honorary Faculty, Climate science	NCAR. Boulder CO / University of Auckland, New Zealand
223	USA	Larry Diamond	Senior Fellow, Political Science	Freeman Spogli Institute & Hoover Institution, Stanford University
224	USA	Lars Peter Hansen	David Rockefeller Distinguished Service Professor, Economics and Finance	University of Chicago
225	HUN	László Bruszt	Director, Sociologist	Central European University, Democracy Institute
226	USA	Laurence Tribe	Carl M. Loeb University Professor Emeritus, Law	Harvard University
227	USA	Leland Hartwell	Professor, Life Sciences	Arizona State University
228	BRA	Lena Lavinas	Professor, Economics	Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
229	USA	Linda Gordon	Professor Emerita, History	New York University
230	USA	Lisa Martin	Professor, Political Science	University of Wisconsin-Madison
231	USA	Lisa T Eyler	Professor, Psychiatry	University of California, San Diego
232	CAN	Lucan Ahmad Way	Distinguished Professor of Democracy, Department of Political Science	University of Toronto
233	ITA	Luigi Bosco	Professore Associato, Economia Comportamentale	Università degli studi di Siena
234	ITA	Luisa Torsi	Professoressa Ordinaria, Chimica	Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo moro, vice-presidente CNR
235	BRA	Luiz Eduardo Soares	Professor de Antropologia, Filosofia Política e Literatura	Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
236	GBR	Luke Cooper	Associate Professorial Research Fellow in International Relations	London School of Economics
237	USA	Lydia Goehr	Fred and Fanny Mack professor, Humanities, Philosophy	Columbia University
238	FRA	Magali Bessone	Professor, Philosophy	Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
239	USA	Mahzarin Banaji	Richard Clarke Cabot Professor, Social Ethics	Harvard University
240	CHL	Manuel Antonio Garretón	Profesor Titular, Sociólogo	Universidad de Chile
241	ITA	Marc Mézard	Professor, Physics	Università Bocconi
242	BRA	Marcelo Coelho	Journalist, Sociologist	Independent researcher
243	USA	Marcelo Gleiser	Appleton Professor of Natural Philosophy, Theoretical Physics	Appleton Professor of Natural Philosophy, Theoretical Physics
244	ITA	Marco Stimolo	Ricercatore, Economia	Università degli studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Economia Politica e Statistica
245	MEX	María Elena Álvarez-Buylla Roces	Full Professor, Molecular genetics, epigenetics and development	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
246	BRA	Maria Hermínia Tavares de Almeida	Professora titular, ex-diretora do Instituto de Relações Internacionais	University of São Paulo (USP)
247	ITA	Marianna Belloc	Professore Ordinario, Economia	Sapienza Università di Roma
248	GBR	Marina Warner	Professor, Literature and the Arts	Birkbeck College, London
249	USA	Mario R. Capecchi	Distinguished Professor	University of Utah School of Medicine
250	ITA	Marisa Miraldo	Professor, Director School of Convergence Science for Health and Technology, Health Economics	Imperial College London
251	ARG	Maristella Svampa	Investigadora, Sociología, Ecología Política	Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET
252	USA	Mark Danner	Professor, Journalism and English, Writer	University of California, Berkeley
253	AUS	Mark McKenna	Professor Emeritus, History	University of Sydney
254	ISL	Markku Kulmala	Professor, Atmospheric Science	University of Helsinki
255	USA	Marla Stone	Professor, History	Occidental College
256	USA	Martha Finnemore	Professor, Political Science and International Affairs	George Washington University
257	DEU	Martin Jungkunz	Postdoctoral researcher, Medical Ethics	German Cancer Research Center
258	GBR	Martin Kemp	Emeritus Professor, History of Visual Images	Trinity College, Oxford
259	GBR	Martina Di Simplicio	Clinical Associate Professor, Psychiatry	Imperial College London
260	ITA	Massimo A. De Francesco	Professore Associato, Economia Politica	Università degli studi di Siena
261	MEX	Massimo Modonesi	Professore Ordinario, Scienze Politiche	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
262	DEU	Mathias Witzens-Harig	Professor, Medicine	Universität Heidelberg
263	GBR	Matteo M Galizzi	Associate Professor/Director, Behavioural economics	London School of Economics
264	NOR	May-Britt Moser	Professor, Neuroscience	Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU
265	USA	Melanie Mitchell	Professor, Computer Science / Cognitive Science	Santa Fe Institute
266	USA	Melissa Lane	Class of 1943 Professor of Politics	Princeton University
267	USA	MIchael Harris	Professor, Mathematics	Columbia University
268	USA	Mia Fuller	Gladyce Arata Terrill Distinguished Professor, Italian Studies, History of Fascism	University of California, Berkeley
269	USA	Michael C. Dorf	Robert S. Stevens Professor, Law	Cornell Law School
270	USA	Michael Chwe	Professor, Political Science	University of California, Los Angeles
271	USA	Michael E. Greenberg	Professor, Neurobiology, Molecular, Cellular, and Systems Neuroscience	Harvard University
272	USA	Michael E. Mann	Presidential Distinguished Professor, Climatology	University of Pennsylvania
273	USA	Michael G Oppenheimer	Professor, Climate Science, Climate Policy	Princeton University
274	USA	Michael Traugott	Professor Emeritus, Political Science	University of Michigan
275	CHE	Michel Mayor	Emeritus Professor, Astrophysics	Université de Genève
276	FRA	Michel Wieviorka	Sociologue, Sciences sociales	École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Paris
277	FRA	Michela Marzano	Professore ordinario, Filosofia morale	Université Paris Cité
278	ITA	Michele Bernasconi	Professore Ordinario, Scienza delle Finanze	Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
279	ITA	Michele Emmer	Professore Ordinario, Matematico	Sapienza Università di Roma & IVSLA, Venezia
280	USA	Milan Svolik	Elizabeth S. & A. Varick Stout Professor, Political Science	Yale University
281	POL	Monika Płatek	Head of the Criminology Department	Law Faculty, Warsaw University
282	FRA	Montévil Maël	Researcher, Philosophie et Biologie	Centre national de la recherche scientifique
283	ESP	Montserrat Galcerán Huguet	Catedrática emérita, Filosofía	Universidad Complutense de Madrid
284	USA	Nadia Urbinati	Professor, Political Theory	Columbia University
285	DEU	Naika Foroutan	Professor, integration research and social policy	Humboldt University
286	USA	Namhee Lee	Professor, Modern Korean History	University of California, Los Angeles
287	USA	Nancy F. Cott	Jonathan Trumbull Professor of American History Emerita	Harvard University
288	USA	Nancy Folbre	Professor emerita, Economics	University of Massachusetts Amherst
289	USA	Nancy Kanwisher	Professor, Cognitive Neuroscience	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
290	USA	Nancy MacLean	William H. Chafe Professor of History and Public Policy, History	Duke University
291	USA	Natasha Lennard	Associate director, Critical Journalism	The New School
292	ITA	Nathalie Tocci	Professore, Relazioni internazionali	Istituto Affari Internazionali
293	GBR	Nic Cheeseman	Professor, Democracy	University of Birmingham
294	ITA	Nicola Vizioli	Ricercatore, Diritto pubblico	Università degli studi di Siena
295	USA	Nicole Eustace	Silver Professor, History	New York University
296	USA	Noëlle McAfee	Professor and President of the Emory University Senate, Philosophy	Emory University
297	CHE	Olivier Fillieule	Professor, Political sociology	University of Lausanne
298	MEX	Oscar Ugarteche	Professor, Global Political Economy	Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
299	ARG	Pablo Alabarces	Profesor Titular e Investigador Superior, Sociología cultural	Universidad de Buenos Aires/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET
300	FRA	Paolo Crosetto	Senior Researcher, Economics	Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE)
301	ITA	Paolo Pin	Professore ordinario, Economia	Università degli studi di Siena
302	USA	Patricia Dailey	Associate Professor, Literature	Columbia University
303	ITA	Patrizia Nanz	Professor, Political Science, President of EUI	European University Institute (EUI)
304	ITA	Patrizio Bianchi	Professore Emerito, Economia	Università di Ferrara
305	IRL	Paul Gillespie	Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, Irish Times columnist and editorial writer	University College Dublin
306	GBR	Paul Nurse	Chief Executive and Director, Genetics and Cell Biology	The Francis Crick Institute
307	USA	Paula D. McClain	James B. Duke Distinguished Professor, Political Science	Duke University
308	GBR	Pauline Tiffen	Editor-in-Chief, Trade and Sustainable Development	Journal of Fair Trade
309	BRA	Paulo Artaxo	Professor, Physics	Universidade de São Paulo
310	USA	Peter Gleick	Independent scientist, hydroclimatology, environmental security	Independent
311	USA	Peter J. Katzenstein	Walter S. Carpeneter Jr. Professor of International Studies, Political Science	Cornell University
312	GBR	Peter M Cox	Director of the Global Systems Institute, Earth System Modelling	University of Exeter
313	USA	Philip Pettit	L.S.Rockefeller University Professor, Philosophy	Princeton University
314	FRA	Philippe Corcuff	Professeur des universités, Science politique	Sciences Po Lyon
315	FRA	Philippe Descola	Professeur émérite, Anthropologue	Collège de France, Paris
316	ITA	Philippe Schmitter	Emeritus Professor, retired, Politics	European University Institute
317	BEL	Philippe Van Parijs	Chaire Hoover d'éthique économique et sociale / Professor, Political Philosophy	University of Louvain, University of Leuven
318	USA	Pierre Agostini	Professor emeritus, Physics	Ohio State University
319	USA	Pippa Norris	McGuire lecturer of comparative politics	Harvard University
320	IND	Prabhat Patnaik	Professor Emeritus, Economics	Jawaharlal Nehru University
321	AUT	Rainer Bauböck	former Prof. at the European University Institute, Political Science	Austrian Academy of Sciences
322	LBN	Ray Brassier	Professor, Philosophy	American University of Beirut, Lebanon
323	USA	Rebecca Kennison	Librarian	Columbia University
324	USA	Rebecca Newberger Goldstein	Research associate, Philosophy	Harvard University
325	EST/USA	Rein Taagepera	Research Professor/Professor Emeritus, Political Science	University of California, Irvine / Tartu University
326	USA	Richard A. Falk	Professor of International Law, Emeritus	Princeton University
327	GBR	Richard Kozul-Wright	Professor, Sustainable Structural Transformation / Director, Globalisation and Development Strategies Division in the UN Conference on Trade and Development.	School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
328	USA	Richard N. Aslin	Senior Scientist, Psychology and Neuroscience	Yale University
329	USA	Robert Axelrod	Distinguished University Professor of Political Science and Public Policy (Emeritus)	University of Michigan
330	USA	Robert C Berwick	Professor, Computer Science	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
331	USA	Robert Cialdini	Regents Professor, Social Psychology	Arizona State University
332	GBR	Robert Hunter Wade	Professor, Global Political Economy	London School of Economics
333	USA	Robert Keohane	Professor of Public and International Affairs, Emeritus	Princeton University
334	USA	Robert M. Seyfarth	Emeritus Professor, Psychology	University of Pennsylvania
335	ITA	Roberto Martino	Professore Associato, Economia politica e applicata	Università E-Campus
336	USA	Roger B. Myerson	Pearson Professor, Global Conflict Studies, Economics	University of Chicago
337	USA	Rogers M. Smith	Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Emeritus Professor, Political Science	University of Pennsylvania
338	DEU	Roman Stilling	Dr., Neuroscience	German Primate Center
339	USA	Ross Frank	Associate Professor, Ethnic Studies	University of California, San Diego
340	ITA	Rossano Pazzagli	Professore Ordinario, Storia moderna e contemporanea	Università Molise
341	ARG	Rubén Lo Vuolo	President, Principal Researcher, Economics, Social Policy	Centro Interdisciplinario para el Estudio de Políticas Públicas (Ciepp)
342	USA	Ruth Ben-Ghiat	Professor, History	New York University
343	USA	Ruth Perry	Ann Fetter Friedlaender Professor, Humanities, Emeritus	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
344	AUT	Ruth Wodak	Emeritus Distinguished Professor - DiscourseNet Studies	Lancaster University/ Universität Wien
345	DEU	Sabina Leonelli	Professor, Philosophy and History of Science	Technical University of Munich
346	ZAF	Salim S Abdool Karim	Director, Medical research	CAPRISA - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
347	USA	Sally Haslanger	Professor, Philosophy & WGS	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
348	ITA	Salvatore Bimonte	Professore Ordinario, Economica dell’Ambiente	Università degli studi di Siena
349	USA	Sam Zhang	Postdoctoral Fellow, Applied Mathematics	Santa Fe Institute
350	SVK	Samuel Abraham	Rector, Political Theory	Bratislava International school of Liberal Arts (BISLA)
351	USA	Samuel Bowles	Research Professor, Economics	Santa Fe Institute
352	FRA	Sandra Laugier	Professor, Philosophy	Université Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne
353	USA	Sandra McGee Deutsch	Professor Emerita, History, Modern Latin American History	University of Texas, El Paso
354	ITA	Sandro Scandolo	Direttore della ricerca, Fisica	The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
355	ESP	Santiago López-García	Director del Instituto de Estudios de Ciencia y Tecnología	Universidad de Salamanca
356	ESP	Santiago Zabala	Research Professor, Philosophy	ICREA/Pompeu Fabra University
357	DNK	Sara Hagemann	Professor, Political Science	University of Copenhagen
358	ITA	Serena Sordi	Professore Ordinario, Economia Politica	Università degli studi di Siena
359	CAN	Seyda Ipek	Assistant Professor, Physics	Carleton University
360	USA	Seyla Benhabib	Professor Emerita and Senior Research Scholar, Political theory, democracy, human rights	Yale University/ Columbia University
361	USA	Shamik Dasgupta	Associate Professor, Philosophy	University of California, Berkeley
362	USA	Sheldon Pollock	Raghunathan Professor Emeritus, FBA, Philology	Columbia University
363	USA	Sherry Ortner	Distinguished Research Professor, Anthropology	University of California, Los Angeles
364	JAP	Shinichi Mochizuki	Professor, Mathematics	RIMS, Kyoto University
365	ITA	Simona Forti	Professoressa Ordinaria, Filosofia politica	Scuola Normale Superiore -Pisa
366	USA	Simonetta Falasca Zamponi	Professor, Sociology	University of California, Santa Barbara
367	GBR	Sionaidh Douglas-Scott	Anniversary Chair of Law, formerly Professor of European and Human Rights Law	Queen Mary University
368	USA	Sir Oliver Hart	Professor, Economics	Harvard University
369	USA	Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe	Director, Target Discovery Institute / Clinical Research Director	University of Oxford / Francis Crick Institute
370	USA	Sir Richard J. Roberts	Chief Scientific Officer	New England Biolabs
371	MEX	Soledad Loaeza	Emeritus Professor, International relations	El Colegio de Mexico
372	DEU	Stefan Simon	Director, Heritage Science	Rathgen-Forschungslabor - National Museums Berlin
373	ITA	Stefano Bartolini	Professore Associato, Economia	Università degli Studi di Siena
374	USA	Stephanie Jed	Professor Emerita, Italian literature	University of California, San Diego
375	USA	Stephen Walt	Robert and Renee Belfer Professor of International Affairs	Harvard University
376	ZAF	Steven Friedman	Director: Centre for the Study of Democracy (Politics/ Analyst)	University of Johannesburg
377	USA	Steven Levitsky	Professor, Political Science	Harvard University
378	USA	Steven Pinker	Professor, Psychology	Harvard University
379	USA	Stewart Prager	Professor Emeritus, Plasma Physics	Princeton University
380	GBR	Stuart White	Associate Professor, Politics	Department of Politics & International Relations, Oxford University
381	USA	Susan Fiske	Emerita Eugene Higgins Professor, Psychology and Public Affairs	Princeton University
382	USA	Susan Rose-Ackerman	Professsor, emeritus, Law and Political Science	Yale University
383	DNK	Susi Meret	Associate Professor, Department of Politics and Society	Aalborg University
384	USA	Suzanne Mettler	Professor of Government, Political Science	Cornell University
385	JAP	Takaaki Kajita	Distinguished University Professor, Physics	The University of Tokyo
386	USA	Tanmoy Bhattacharya	External Professor, Physics	Santa Fe Institute
387	GBR	Tariq Modood	Professor, Sociology and Politics	University of Bristol
388	ARG	Thea Riofrancos	Associate Professor, Political Science	Providence College
389	USA	Theda Skocpol	Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Sociology	Harvard University
390	ARG	Thomas Ehrlich Reifer	Professor and Chair; Associate - Sociology	University of San Diego; Transnational Institute
391	CAN	Timothy Snyder	Professor, History	University of Toronto
392	GBR	Tiziana Leone	Professor, Health and Development, Population Health	London School of Economics
393	USA	Todd Sandler	Chaired Professor Emeritus, Economics, Political Economy	University of Texas at Dallas
394	ITA	Tomaso Montanari	Professore Ordinario, Storia Dell'arte	University for Foreigners of Siena
395	USA	Tommie Shelby	Lee Simpkins Family Professor of Arts and Sciences and Caldwell Titcomb Professor of African and African American Studies and of Philosophy	Harvard University
396	USA	Tracy Slatyer	Professor, Physics	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
397	ITA/USA	Ugo Mattei	Professore ordinario, Giurisprudenza / Emeritus Alfred and Hanna Fromm Professor	Università Torino / University of California, San Francisco
398	USA	Ulrich Duffner	Associate Professor, Pediatrics	Helen DeVos Children's Hospital
399	DEU	Ursula Konnertz	Academic Director, Philosophy, General Studies	Leibniz Kolleg Universität Tübingen
400	DEU	Uta Dirksen	Professor, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology	University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen
401	DEU	Ute Frevert	Professor, Director emerita, History	Max Planck Institute for Human Development
402	ITA	Valentina Pazé	Professoressa Ordinaria, Filosofia politica	Università di Torino
403	FRA	Valérie Masson-Delmotte	Directrice de recherches, Sciences du climat	Institut Pierre Simon Laplace - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris Saclay, France
404	USA	Vann McGee	Professor emeritus, Philosophy	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
405	USA	Varykina Thackray	Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences	University of California, San Diego
406	GBR	Veronica Strang	Affiliate, Professor of Anthropology	University of Oxford
407	USA	Victor Ambros	Professor, Biology	University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
408	USA	Victoria Frye	Professor, Sociomedical Science/Social Work	Columbia University
409	USA	Vincenzo Fiore	Assistant Professor, Computational psychiatry	Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
410	USA	Vivien Schmidt	Professor Emerita, Political Science	Boston University
411	USA	Volker R. Berghahn	Seth Low Emeritus Professor, History, International History	Columbia University
412	USA	W Craig Carter	Toyota Professor of Materials Science	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
413	USA	W. David Bradford	Professor, Economics	University of Georgia
414	GBR	Will Davies	Professor, Sociology	Goldsmiths, University of London
415	USA	William Banks	Professor, Law and Public Affairs	Syracuse University
416	USA	William Lazonick	Professor Emeritus, Economics	University of Massachusetts
417		Wissenschaft für Demokratie – Science for Democracy	Collective signature	https://wissenschaftfuerdemokratie.de/en
418	USA	Wolfgang Ketterle	Professor, Physics	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
419	USA	Yannik Thiem	Associate Professor, Religious Studies	Columbia University
420	CAN	Yasmin Jiwani	Professor Emeritus, Communication	Concordia University
421	MLI	Youba Sokona	Professeur, Energie et Developpement	African Institute for Sustainable Energy and System Analysis (AISESA)
422	USA	Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat	Professor, Political Science	University of Connecticut

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2	Fenerbahçe	36	84
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8	Göztepe	36	50
9	Rizespor	36	49
10	Kasımpaşa	36	47

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