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Ancak gerçek şöyle: Çin, Grönland’dan dört kat, Afrika ise Kuzey Amerika’dan üç kat daha büyük.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Bu yanılsama, Gerardus Mercator’un 1569′da yaptığı ve kendi adıyla anılan basit bir izdüşüm yönteminden kaynaklanıyor. Denizcilere rehberlik etmesi için yaratılan bu harita günümüzde en yaygın kullanılan projeksiyon yöntemi olarak biliniyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Bu yöntemin kullanıldığı haritalarda sadece ekvatora yakın olan bölgelerde doğru sonuçlar alındığı, Kutuplara doğru şekillerin bozulduğu belirtiliyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">HARİTADA NELER ‘YANLIŞ’?</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">- Afrika, Grönland’dan 14 kat daha büyük ancak haritada hemen hemen aynı genişlikte görünüyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">- Brezilya, Alaska’dan beş kat daha büyük ancak haritada neredeyse tam tersi olarak gösteriliyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">- İskandinav ülkeleri Hindistan’dan daha büyük görünüyor ancak Hindistan, üç İskandinav ülkesinin toplamından üç kat daha büyük.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">- Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika’dan büyük görünse de tersi doğru.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">- Rusya da haritada gösterildiği gibi Afrika’dan büyük değil.<br /> <br /> <img width="300" height="232" align="middle" src="/images/upload/1(1034).jpg" alt="" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">TEK SEBEP TEKNOLOJİ DEĞİL, İDEOLOJİ DE VAR</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Ancak, yeni uydu fotoğrafları ve Google haritaları gibi gelişen hizmetlerle bu durumun değişeceğini düşünmek de pek doğru değil. Guardian’dan James Wan’a göre, teknik yetersizlikler dışında bu duruma etki eden faktörlerden biri de ideoloji. Wan, “Haritalarımızda kuzey, böyle bir gereklilik olmamasına karşılık genelde üstte gösteriliyor ve bu tek doğru olarak kabul ediliyor” diyor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">ÇİN, DÜNYANIN MERKEZİNDE</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Wan, bu duruma şu haritaları örnek gösteriyor:</p> <p class="MsoNormal">- 1623′te Çin için yapılan bir haritada Çin’in yüzölçümü büyütülmekle kalmamış bir de dünyanın ortasına yerleştirilmişti.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">- 1507′de Alman Martin Waldseemüller tarafından yapılan haritada Amerika ilk kez ayrı bir kıta olarak resmedildi ancak Kuzey Amerika eksikti.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">- 1921 yılında Dimitri Moor tarafından yapılan Sovyet haritasıysa bir harita olmanın ötesinde propaganda özelliği taşıyordu. Rusya’nın Avrupa sınırında yer alan topraklarının ve komşu ülkelerin gösterildiği haritada dev bir Bolşevik asker istilacılara karşı topraklarını koruyor. 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